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Responsible State Behavior in Cyberspace – International Norms and the Role of the EU in Cyberdiplomacy

12.11.2024

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The Western Balkans Cyber Capacity Centre (WB3C), in partnership with the Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance (DCAF), will be hosting a three-day workshop titled "Responsible State Behavior in Cyberspace: International Norms and the Role of the EU in Cyberdiplomacy" from 12 to 14 November. This event brings together experts from across the region and the EU to explore critical aspects of cyberdiplomacy, focusing on international norms, the role of international law in cyberspace, and the European Union's efforts in fostering cyber cooperation.

Workshop Highlights:

  • Day 1: An in-depth exploration of the UN Framework on Responsible State Behavior in Cyberspace, including key components such as UN norms, international law, capacity building, and confidence-building measures.
  • Day 2: A detailed examination of the EU’s cyber ecosystem and its collaborative efforts with the Western Balkans to enhance regional cybersecurity cooperation.
  • Day 3: A hands-on tabletop exercise simulating international cooperation and national coordination in response to a cyber incident.

Why Cyberdiplomacy Matters

As cyber threats continue to evolve, the importance of diplomatic engagement to establish rules of behavior in cyberspace has never been more crucial. Cyberdiplomacy plays a key role in preventing cyber conflicts, promoting trust between nations and ensuring a stable and secure digital environment. The European Union, with its robust cyber ecosystem and diplomatic efforts, is at the forefront of shaping these international norms.

WB3C is actively contributing to these efforts by providing a platform for regional and international cooperation, training and capacity-building. By hosting workshops such as this, WB3C strengthens the ability of Western Balkans countries to engage in global cyberdiplomacy and contribute to the development of a secure and resilient cyberspace.


Protection of Critical Infrastructure Training for IT teams

Three days of intensive training (9-11 Sep 2025) on the protection of critical infrastructure wrapped up in Podgorica this week at the Western Balkans Cyber Capacity Centre (WB3C) premises. The training explored vulnerabilities of critical systems such as energy, transport, healthcare and water supply, and delivered practical sessions on risk management, ICS/OT security and incident response. This program brought together IT officers from across the Western Balkans public sector.
The highlight of the final day was a Capture the Flag (CTF) challenge, where participants applied the response skills in a competitive but collaborative setting. A special moment worth noting: first and third place went to women participants (from Albania and Kosovo*). This shows the strength of diverse teams and why we remain committed to encouraging more women in cybersecurity.
We thank our excellent partners Urad Vlade Republike Slovenije za informacijsko varnost (URSIV, Slovenia), Igor Kovač and Gregor Spagnolo for delivering such high-level expertise and engaging sessions.
The training closed with a certificate ceremony and closing remarks by Gilles Schwoerer, with lots of smiles, great vibes and a strong sense of community.

EU Legislation and Public Sector Standards for Cyber

This week in Bar, Montenegro, DCAF - Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance and Regional School of Public Administration (ReSPA) and Western Balkans Cyber Capacity Centre (WB3C) jointly delivered a three-day regional training on cybersecurity legislation and public-sector standards.
The event gathered representatives from across the Western Balkans’ public administrations — an opportunity to connect networks, exchange practices, and strengthen a common regional approach to cybersecurity capacity. The programme was funded by the UK's Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, with Melanie Moffat from the British Embassy Podgorica attending the training. 

Day 1 opened with remarks from Franziska Klopfer (DCAF) and Gilles Schwoerer (Head of WB3C). In his opening address, Gilles underlined that WB3C is not just a centre in Podgorica, but a regional platform designed as a resource for the entire Western Balkans — built for the region, to be used by the region. The day continued with sessions on EU legislation and certification frameworks, including insights into Italy’s cybersecurity architecture and the functions of the Italian National Cybersecurity Agency (Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale).
🔹 Day 2 brought a broader audience, as more participants from the ReSPA network joined. Bojana Bajić (ReSPA) joined Franziska and Gilles in addressing the group, stressing the importance of cooperation across institutions in the process of advancing cybersecurity capabilities and aligning normative frameworks with EU standards. Participants then heard from the National Cybersecurity Authority of Greece, explored digital competencies for public administration, and worked on designing cybersecurity training curricula for civil servants, IT staff, and managers.
🔹 On Day 3, the sessions will turn to national practices, with contributions from Serbia’s National Academy for Public Administration and the Civil Service Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, offering concrete models for embedding cybersecurity into public administration training systems.
Together with DCAF and ReSPA, and with the support of FCDO, this training strengthened the foundations for a more resilient public sector across the Western Balkans, aligned with the region’s needs and EU accession priorities.

Building relationships with regional institutions

Strengthening regional cybersecurity capacity starts with strong relationships. At Western Balkans Cyber Capacity Centre (WB3C), we prioritise working closely with our beneficiaries and stakeholders across the Western Balkans.
To that end, we continue our regional outreach, meeting our partners in person to better understand their priorities and explore opportunities for cooperation.
This time, our trainers Yannick Casse and Cyril C. visited Prishtina and Skopje, where they met with key counterparts from the Ministries of Interior and Justice. The visit highlighted concrete prospects for future collaboration.
Synergies were also identified with UNDP Kosovo* (OSINT, Dark Web training) and Home Affairs Programme of European Union (HAPE) in Kosovo*, further expanding the scope for joint work.
While the majority of WB3C training activities are delivered from our Podgorica Centre, we remain open to relocating select trainings across the region upon request.

Through this outreach, WB3C ensures its training offer remains flexible and tailored to the evolving needs of our beneficiaries across the region.


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Disclaimer: Translations of the original content written in English into other languages are AI generated by Weglot.