Artificial Intelligence Applied to Law Enforcement

13.11.2024

The Western Balkans Cyber Capacity Centre (WB3C) will host a training program on Artificial Intelligence (AI) Applied to Law Enforcement Agencies from November 13th to 15th, 2024, at its premises in Podgorica. This training is designed for leaders in law enforcement, the judiciary, and data protection agencies, focusing on the potential applications and implications of AI within the field of internal security.

Across three days, participants will engage with six modules, covering topics such as the role of AI in the private sector, generative AI, ethics and regulatory considerations, and specific applications of AI for law enforcement. Attendees will gain insights into how AI can enhance investigative processes while addressing relevant ethical and regulatory challenges.

This course meets a strategic challenge defined by the AI Act to ensure that artificial intelligence systems (AIS) are used in a controlled and responsible manner.

The objectives of this course are

understanding how AI systems work
understanding the geopolitical and legal issues
defining an AI strategy dedicated to the LEA
AI applications for the protection of citizens
future prospects and challenges

The workshop will be led by two distinguished experts on artificial intelligence and robotics applied in homeland security, Dr. Ysens de France and Brigadier General Patrick Perrot. Their expertise will provide invaluable insights into the intersection of AI, law enforcement and national security, guiding discussions on the application of technology in homeland security and the fight against cybercrime.

This three-day training is organized for security officers and police investigators from the Western Balkans, highlighting the importance of continuous education and training of law enforcement officers in emerging technologies in order to keep up with the evolving threats in the digital space.

Dr. Ysens de France is a distinguished legal scholar specializing in artificial intelligence (AI) and military robotics, particularly in the realm of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS). She earned her doctorate in public law with a focus on the legal implications of autonomous military systems on the battlefield. Her research offers a forward-looking and interdisciplinary perspective on the challenges posed by technological advancements in defense.

In her professional career, Dr. de France has held several notable positions:

Professor of AI and Law: Since September 2020, she has been teaching at aivancity School for Technology, Business & Society in Paris-Cachan, where she imparts knowledge on AI and robotics law.
AI Mission Officer: Beginning in January 2022, she has served as an AI mission officer for the French National Gendarmerie, advising on the development and deployment of AI tools within the organization.
Lecturer in Digital Law: Since January 2022, she has been teaching digital law and AI law at the University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne.

Dr. de France is also an expert member on AI and ethics at Hub FranceIA and serves as the Director of Prospective at the Institut Sapiens. Her extensive experience and research make her a leading authority on the intersection of law, AI, and military applications.

Brigadier General Patrick Perrot serves as the Coordinator for Artificial Intelligence and Data Strategy within the French Gendarmerie Nationale and as the AI Advisor to the Cyber Command at the Ministry of the Interior. Combining a strong academic background (PhD in AI) with extensive field experience, General Perrot has pioneered the application of AI in law enforcement, particularly in speaker and facial recognition and decision analysis, to enhance security and operational effectiveness. He is one of the architects of the AI strategy within the Gendarmerie Nationale, and his work continues to shape the integration of advanced technologies in national security.

In addition to his role in the Gendarmerie, General Perrot is:

An associate researcher at the Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute (ANITI), where he contributes to the Chair of Law, Accountability and Social Trust in AI, as well as to the Center for the Studies and Treatment of Radicalization.
The founder of the "AI and Security" Chair, which fosters cooperation between the Ministry of the Interior and universities and contributes to research on emerging security issues to prepare for the future.
A member of the EU AI Board Expert Committee, where he contributes to the application of the AI Act.
Co-chair of the EU Strategic Group on AI, which gathers 16 law enforcement agencies.

Additionally, General Perrot is active in several think tanks, serving as a member of the administration council of Hub France IA and as a security expert at the EUROP IA Institute.

Other news and events

Protection of Critical Infrastructure Training for IT teams

Three days of intensive training (9-11 Sep 2025) on the protection of critical infrastructure wrapped up in Podgorica this week at the Western Balkans Cyber Capacity Centre (WB3C) premises. The training explored vulnerabilities of critical systems such as energy, transport, healthcare and water supply, and delivered practical sessions on risk management, ICS/OT security and incident response. This program brought together IT officers from across the Western Balkans public sector.
The highlight of the final day was a Capture the Flag (CTF) challenge, where participants applied the response skills in a competitive but collaborative setting. A special moment worth noting: first and third place went to women participants (from Albania and Kosovo*). This shows the strength of diverse teams and why we remain committed to encouraging more women in cybersecurity.
We thank our excellent partners Urad Vlade Republike Slovenije za informacijsko varnost (URSIV, Slovenia), Igor Kovač and Gregor Spagnolo for delivering such high-level expertise and engaging sessions.
The training closed with a certificate ceremony and closing remarks by Gilles Schwoerer, with lots of smiles, great vibes and a strong sense of community.

EU Legislation and Public Sector Standards for Cyber

This week in Bar, Montenegro, DCAF - Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance and Regional School of Public Administration (ReSPA) and Western Balkans Cyber Capacity Centre (WB3C) jointly delivered a three-day regional training on cybersecurity legislation and public-sector standards.
The event gathered representatives from across the Western Balkans’ public administrations — an opportunity to connect networks, exchange practices, and strengthen a common regional approach to cybersecurity capacity. The programme was funded by the UK's Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, with Melanie Moffat from the British Embassy Podgorica attending the training.

Day 1 opened with remarks from Franziska Klopfer (DCAF) and Gilles Schwoerer (Head of WB3C). In his opening address, Gilles underlined that WB3C is not just a centre in Podgorica, but a regional platform designed as a resource for the entire Western Balkans — built for the region, to be used by the region. The day continued with sessions on EU legislation and certification frameworks, including insights into Italy’s cybersecurity architecture and the functions of the Italian National Cybersecurity Agency (Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale).
🔹 Day 2 brought a broader audience, as more participants from the ReSPA network joined. Bojana Bajić (ReSPA) joined Franziska and Gilles in addressing the group, stressing the importance of cooperation across institutions in the process of advancing cybersecurity capabilities and aligning normative frameworks with EU standards. Participants then heard from the National Cybersecurity Authority of Greece, explored digital competencies for public administration, and worked on designing cybersecurity training curricula for civil servants, IT staff, and managers.
🔹 On Day 3, the sessions will turn to national practices, with contributions from Serbia’s National Academy for Public Administration and the Civil Service Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, offering concrete models for embedding cybersecurity into public administration training systems.
Together with DCAF and ReSPA, and with the support of FCDO, this training strengthened the foundations for a more resilient public sector across the Western Balkans, aligned with the region’s needs and EU accession priorities.

Building relationships with regional institutions

Strengthening regional cybersecurity capacity starts with strong relationships. At Western Balkans Cyber Capacity Centre (WB3C), we prioritise working closely with our beneficiaries and stakeholders across the Western Balkans.
To that end, we continue our regional outreach, meeting our partners in person to better understand their priorities and explore opportunities for cooperation.
This time, our trainers Yannick Casse and Cyril C. visited Prishtina and Skopje, where they met with key counterparts from the Ministries of Interior and Justice. The visit highlighted concrete prospects for future collaboration.
Synergies were also identified with UNDP Kosovo* (OSINT, Dark Web training) and Home Affairs Programme of European Union (HAPE) in Kosovo*, further expanding the scope for joint work.
While the majority of WB3C training activities are delivered from our Podgorica Centre, we remain open to relocating select trainings across the region upon request.

Through this outreach, WB3C ensures its training offer remains flexible and tailored to the evolving needs of our beneficiaries across the region.